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New York City Celebrates Its 400th Anniversary

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<strong>New York City Celebrates Its 400th Anniversary</strong> PLAY

It is hard to believe that New York City was once a small Dutch settlement. PLAY

An old document shows that Dutch settlers did, in fact, pay for this land. PLAY

The document can be seen at the city’s South Street Seaport Museum. PLAY

Martin Berense is head of the Netherlands National Archives. PLAY

He says the letter tells about a ship arriving in Amsterdam. PLAY

The ship’s operator said, The settlement is going well. And, we bought the island of Manhattan for sixty guilders. PLAY

The letter is on loan for New York’s four hundredth anniversary. PLAY

Berendse says the letter tells about the settlement, which became New York. PLAY

The museum also has a map of the settlement. PLAY

Another map shows just how small Manhattan was. PLAY

That changed when Britain took control. PLAY

Historian Barry Lewis says the British filled in part of the East River with waste because more land was needed. PLAY

BARRY LEWIS: We had only about one hundred thousand people at the beginning of the nineteenth century. PLAY

By 1875, the population of Manhattan is over one-million people. PLAY

By 1910, over two million people are living in Manhattan island. PLAY

The Brooklyn Bridge was built in eighteen eighty-three so people could move to Long Island, where land was less costly. PLAY

Lewis says people crossed the East River by carriage or boat. Or they walked across the bridge. PLAY

He says New York’s underground trains led to the development of land in areas far from the center of the city. PLAY

Many businesses needed to be in Manhattan. So developers started building up, creating the skyscraper. PLAY

BARRY LEWIS: People were afraid it would fall down in the first windstorm. PLAY

And anyone who had property in the commercial buildings next to it, they were terrified that no one would rent in their buildings because that thing was next door. PLAY

But more and more skyscrapers were built. Each one was higher than the next. PLAY

Lewis says the big reason for so many skyscrapers was money. PLAY

He says New York was built by investments in land. PLAY

That is not why everything was built. PLAY

Some structures have improved the look of the city. PLAY

Two examples are the Washington Square Arch and the Guggenheim Museum. PLAY

But money is still important on the island that began as a trading center four centuries ago. PLAY

The area the Dutch settled is now Wall Street, the world’s financial capital. PLAY

I’m Steve Ember.

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