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Danh từ

Agriculture, farming

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Ministry of Agriculture%%CEREMONIES STILL AT THE HEART OF AGRICULTURE IN VIETNAM

Lễ Hạ Điền is a popular ceremony which bears a religious significance for Vietnamese farmers. During the ceremony, farmers pray to heaven to grant them blessings. As Vietnam is an agricultural country where labour-intensive wet-rice is grown, the life of the majority of people is closely linked with the land. Hence, almost all ceremonies and rituals are connected with farming. Wet-rice is grown in very difficult natural conditions, especially in the Red River Delta and central Vietnam where natural calamities - typhoons, flooding, drought and pests - are a constant menace for the peasantry. In the past, in the absence of science and technology, Vietnamese farmers believed in mysterious forces which decided their success or failure. This faith is found in such folk songs as "Thanks to heaven which grants us good weather conditions" or "I pray to heaven to bring rain so that I can have enough water to drink and cover my fields". Heaven (or Trời in Vietnamese) is a common appellation for the spirit world. The belief in the power of spirits is handed down from generation to generation, so that even now our farmers turn to spirits for assistance. Hence the existence of so many farming-related ceremonies. In the past, there were two main rice crops: the Mùa and the Chiêm. Depending on climate and local understanding, farmers regard the Chiêm as the main crop, or vice versa. For this reason, Lễ Hạ Điền differs from one region to another. In many villages, the ceremony is regarded as a major event in the life of the peasantry. Although the ceremonies may differ in scale, the rituals have many common features. On the day of the ceremony, early in the morning, village notables called Già Làng (elder people) in the central highlands make their way to the communal house where other villagers await. There they pay tribute to Thành Hoàng (tutelary god) and Thần Nông (god of agriculture) and other divinities; begging them to bring security, prosperity and bumper crops. Afterwards, the villagers head to a chosen location, usually not too far from the communal house, where the ceremony inaugurating the farming season takes place. In a first-class rice field already meticulously ploughed and harrowed, a bamboo tree is planted with all its branches and leaves. The tree is called Cây Nêu. Ears of rice are attached to the top of the tree, and having reported to the god of agriculture, they start the ceremony proper. To start the ball rolling, a rice transplant ritual is performed. For this, many Chúa Đồng (Field Lords) are selected. In some villages, only one Chúa Đồng is singled out. They are mostly elderly people, versed in farming techniques and the soil. In addition, they must be kind-hearted people having extended families whose members live in perfect concord. Last but not least, they should not be mourning. People hope that the good qualities of the Chúa Đồng will blend into the rice plants and impart great vitality to them. Having paid their respects to the god of agriculture, the Chúa Đồng step into the field and transplant rice around the bamboo tree. In the meantime, the villagers shout cheerfully and beat drums (mimicking natural disaster), targeting the Chúa Đồng. If these people can stand firm on their feet and manage to perform their task well, people believe that their wish will come true.Lễ Hạ Điền is held in a very simple way, but it is very dear to the farmers. They pin all their hopes on the good health, prosperity and happiness that the ceremony promises. Furthermore, it is in this ceremony that the spirit of the community comes to the surface. In their hearts, everyone pledges to join forces for the common cause. (VNS)

Kỹ thuật chung

Nghĩa chuyên ngành

agricultural

chính sách nông nghiệp

agricultural policy

khu nông nghiệp

agricultural area

khu tưới tiêu nông nghiệp

agricultural sewage farms

kỹ sư nông nghiệp

agricultural engineer

kỹ thuật nông nghiệp

agricultural engineer

kỹ thuật nông nghiệp

agricultural engineering

miền nông nghiệp

agricultural region

mương nông nghiệp

agricultural (pipe) drain

nhà (trong) nông nghiệp

agricultural buildings

nhà kho nông nghiệp

agricultural shed

nhu cầu nước nông nghiệp

agricultural water requirement

ống (dùng trong) nông nghiệp

agricultural pipe

phụ tải nông nghiệp

agricultural consumer of electricity

sản xuất nông nghiệp

agricultural production

tài nguyên nông nghiệp

agricultural resources

tập bản đồ nông nghiệp

agricultural atlas

thị trấn nông nghiệp

agricultural settlement

thị trấn nông nghiệp

agricultural town

thiết bị nông nghiệp

agricultural equipment

trang trại nông nghiệp

agricultural farm

vành đai nông nghiệp

agricultural belt

vôi dùng trong nông nghiệp

agricultural lime

vùng nông nghiệp

agricultural zone

vùng nông nghiệp ngoại thành

suburban agricultural zone

vùng nông nghiệp ven đô

suburban agricultural zone

đất nông nghiệp

agricultural land

đất nông nghiệp

agricultural lands

địa chất nông nghiệp

agricultural geology

địa hóa nông nghiệp

agricultural geochemistry

điều tra nông nghiệp

agricultural investigation

đường ống thoát nước nông nghiệp

agricultural (pipe) drain

agriculture

giám sát nông nghiệp bằng cản biến từ xa

Monitoring Agriculture with Remote Sensing (MARS)

nông nghiệp trồng màu

dry agriculture

agronomy

farming

nông nghiệp không chuyên canh

mixed farming

nông nghiệp lúa

rice farming

nông nghiệp lương thực

field farming

nông nghiệp ngũ cốc

grain farming

husbandry

nông nghiệp luân canh

alternate husbandry

nông nghiệp quảng canh

extensive husbandry

nông nghiệp thâm canh

intensive husbandry

Kinh tế

Nghĩa chuyên ngành

agriculture

bộ nông nghiệp

department of agriculture

Bộ trưởng Nông nghiệp

Minister of Agriculture

Chính sách Nông nghiệp Chung (của Cộng đồng Kinh tế Châu Âu)

Common Agriculture Policy

Ngân hàng Nông nghiệp Pháp

French Agriculture Bank

nông nghiệp có phạm vi rộng

extensive agriculture

nông nghiệp hộ gia đình

family-unit agriculture

nông nghiệp khoáng diện

extensive agriculture

nông nghiệp kinh doanh nhiều loại

multiple agriculture

nông nghiệp quảng canh

extensive agriculture

nông nghiệp thâm canh

intensive agriculture

nông nghiệp vùng ngoại ô

suburban agriculture

điều tra nông nghiệp

agriculture census

agronomy

farming

cơ sở kinh doanh khai thác nông nghiệp

farming business

nền nông nghiệp tự túc

subsistence farming

ngành nông nghiệp

branch of farming

nông nghiệp mưu sinh

subsistence farming

nông nghiệp sinh tồn (không có thừa để xuất khẩu)

subsistence farming

nông nghiệp tự nhiên

subsistence farming

nông nghiệp tự túc

subsistence farming

nông nghiệp xí nghiệp hóa

business farming

husbandry