Chăm pa

Thông dụng

=====%%Chăm Pa located on a part of today's Central Vietnam. There are many hypotheses on this ancient nation's origin. Legend has it that Goddess Nagar (Thiên Y A Na) incarnated into an aquilaria-tree drifting at sea. She was mother of the two children. After having come to the Chăm people, she was proclaimed Po Nagar (Supreme ruler of the country). Her temple located in Nha Trang. Lâm Äp or Lin Yi (192-758) Kingdom was influenced by Hinduism and governed by China. Sri Mara (Khu Liên or Kiu Liên) founded the first Chăm nation free from Chinese domination. The Chăm towers in Sơn Mỹ were built under the reign of Gangaraya. Hoàn Vương Kingdom (758-871) had Virapura (Phan Rang) as royal capital. Chăm Pa Kingdom existed between 875 and the early 19th century. Given by King Indravarman II , the name of this kingdom meant wild flowers and referred to an Indian region. Buddhism was its national religion. In 999, its royal capital was moved from Indrapura (Trà Kiệu, Quảng Nam) to Vijaya (Chà Bàn, Bình Định). Seven dynasties succeeded one another to rule Chăm Pa and always nurtured the ambition to expand their territory. In the 14th century, King Chế Bồng Nga advanced his troops to Thăng Long and occupied a part of the Vietnamese territory. He was killed in a naval combat (1390). His dynasty was the apogee of the Chăm Pa kingdom. Because of the Chăm attacks on Vietnam, King Lê Thánh Tôn decided to eliminate the Chăm Pa kingdom by occupying its Vijaya royal capital in 1471.The Chăm Pa kingdom came to its end, although the last Chăm kings continued to reign till the early 19th century. The Chăm society changed gradually from the matriarchy to the feudal regime. These were two main clans :+ Pi Năng (Areca Clan) belonging to the commoners+ Liu (Coconut Clan) belonging to the aristocratsThe society consisted of Clergy (Brahman), Boxers (Kosatrios), Farmers (Vaioyas) and Needy people (Cudra). The branches of the social structure were held by mandarins or members of the royal family. With a population of about 100,000 people, today's Chăm Pa is only one of ethnic minorities in Vietnam.=====